Islamic Caliphate įurther information: Anarchy at Samarra and Samanid Empire The Turkic rulers of Chach minted their coins with the inscription on the obverse side of the "lord of the Khakan money" (mid-8th century) with an inscription in the ruler Turk (VII century), in Nudjket in the middle of the VIII century, coins were issued with the obverse inscription “Nanchu (Banchu) Ertegin sovereign". In 628, a Buddhist Chinese monk Xuanzang arrived in Ming Bulak. In 626, the Indian preacher Prabhakaramitra arrived with ten companions to the kagan. Here he received embassies from the emperors of the Tang Empire and Byzantium. The Western Turkic ruler Tong Yabghu Qaghan (618-630) set up his headquarters in the Ming-bulak area to the north of Chach. At the beginning of the 7th century, the Turkic Kaganate, as a result of internecine wars and wars with its neighbors, disintegrated into the Western and Eastern Kaganates. In 558–603, Chach was part of the Turkic Kaganate. The Chinese chronicles History of Northern Dynasties, Book of Sui, and Old Book of Tang mention a possession called Shí 石 ("stone") or Zhěshí 赭時 with a capital of the same name since the fifth century AD. The Buddhist monk Xuanzang (602/603? – 664 AD), who travelled from China to India through Central Asia, mentioned the name of the city as Zhěshí ( 赭時). By the 7th century AD, Chach had more than 30 towns and a network of over 50 canals, forming a trade center between the Sogdians and Turkic nomads. The principality of Chach had a square citadel built around the 5th to 3rd centuries BC, some 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) south of the Syr Darya River. History as Chach Īmbassadors from Chaganian (central figure, inscription of the neck), and Chach (modern Tashkent) to king Varkhuman of Samarkand. Other scholars, however, disagree with this identification, though it remains one of four most probable sites for the Stone Tower. This tower is said to have marked the midway point between Europe and China. Some scholars believe that a "Stone Tower" mentioned by Ptolemy and by other early accounts of travel on the Silk Road referred to this settlement (due to its etymology). In ancient times, this area contained Beitian, probably the summer "capital" of the Kangju confederacy. Tashkent was first settled some time between the 5th and 3rd centuries BC by ancient people as an oasis on the Chirchik River, near the foothills of the West Tian Shan Mountains. Another theory states that both the old and new names of the city (Chach and Tashkent, respectively) derive from the Sogdian word "tschatsch", meaning "place on a hill". Abu Rayhan Biruni wrote that the city's name comes from the Turkic tash and kent, literally translated as "Stone City" or "City of Stones". See also: Timeline of Tashkent Etymology ĭuring its long history, Tashkent has had various changes in names and political and religious affiliations. In 2009, it celebrated its 2,200 years of written history. Today, as the capital of an independent Uzbekistan, Tashkent retains a multiethnic population, with ethnic Uzbeks as the majority. It was the fourth-largest city in the Soviet Union at the time, after Moscow, Leningrad and Kyiv. Much of Tashkent was destroyed in the 1966 Tashkent earthquake, but it was rebuilt as a model Soviet city.
In Soviet times, it witnessed major growth and demographic changes due to forced deportations from throughout the Soviet Union. In 1865, Tashkent fell to the Russian Empire it became the capital of Russian Turkestan.
From the 18th to the 19th century, the city became an independent city-state, before being re-conquered by the Khanate of Kokand.
After Genghis Khan destroyed it in 1219, it was rebuilt and profited from the Silk Road. It is in northeastern Uzbekistan, near the border with Kazakhstan.īefore Islamic influence started in the mid 8th century AD, Tashkent was influenced by the Sogdian and Turkic cultures. Tashkent ( / t æ ʃ ˈ k ɛ n t/, US also / t ɑː ʃ-/) (from Russian: Ташкент), or Toshkent ( / t ɒ ʃ ˈ k ɛ n t/ Uzbek: Toshkent/ Тошкент/ تاشکند, IPA: ), also historically known as Chach ( Persian: چاچ), is the capital and largest city of Uzbekistan, as well as the most populous city in Central Asia, with a population in 2018 of 2,485,900.
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